Knee ligament injuries are common among athletes and active individuals. The knee has four major ligaments: the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL). These ligaments provide stability to the knee joint, and when torn, they often require surgical intervention for proper healing.

What is Ligament Surgery of the Knee?

Ligament surgery of the knee, also known as ligament reconstruction, is a procedure performed to repair or replace a torn ligament. The most commonly performed ligament surgery is ACL reconstruction, but PCL, MCL, and LCL surgeries are also done depending on the severity of the injury. This procedure is usually recommended when non-surgical treatments like physical therapy and bracing fail to restore knee stability.

Types of Knee Ligament Surgery

1. ACL Reconstruction – The ACL is one of the most frequently injured ligaments. During ACL reconstruction, a surgeon replaces the torn ligament with a graft, which is taken from the patient’s own body (autograft) or a donor (allograft).
2. PCL Reconstruction – The PCL is less commonly injured but may require surgery if there is significant instability. The procedure is similar to ACL reconstruction.
3. MCL and LCL Repair – Unlike the ACL and PCL, MCL and LCL injuries often heal without surgery. However, in severe cases, surgery is needed to reattach the ligament or use grafts for reconstruction.

The Surgical Procedure

Knee ligament surgery is usually performed arthroscopically, meaning small incisions are made, and a camera (arthroscope) is inserted to guide the surgeon. The procedure involves:

1. Anesthesia – The patient is given general or regional anesthesia.
2. Incisions – Small incisions are made around the knee.
3. Graft Harvesting – If using an autograft, tissue is taken from the patellar tendon, hamstring, or quadriceps tendon.
4. Ligament Reconstruction – The torn ligament is removed, and the graft is placed in its position using screws or other fixation devices.
5. Closure and Recovery – The incisions are closed, and the knee is bandaged.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery after ligament surgery takes several months and involves:

• Initial Recovery (0-2 weeks) – Pain management, swelling reduction, and gentle movement exercises.
• Rehabilitation Phase (2-6 months) – Physical therapy to regain strength, flexibility, and balance.
• Return to Activity (6-12 months) – Gradual return to sports or intense activities, depending on progress.

Benefits of Knee Ligament Surgery

• Restores knee stability
• Reduces pain and discomfort
• Allows a return to sports and daily activities
• Prevents long-term joint damage

Knee ligament surgery is highly effective when combined with proper rehabilitation. If you have a knee ligament injury, consult an orthopedic specialist to explore the best treatment options for you.