What is a branchial cleft cyst?

Also, known as a cleft sinus, a branchial cleft cyst is a lump that develops in the neck or just below the collarbone. Branchial cleft cysts form during development of the embryo. They occur when tissues in the neck and collarbone area (branchial cleft) fail to develop normally. The birth defect may appear as open spaces called sinuses, which may develop on one or both sides of the neck. A branchial cyst may form from fluid drained from a sinus. The cyst or sinus can become infected.

Symptoms

• Small pits, lumps, or skin tags at either side of the neck or just below the collarbone 
• Fluid drainage from a pit on the neck

Diagnosis

Branchial cysts can usually be diagnosed with a physical examination. Testing is usually not necessary.

Treatment

Infected branchial cysts or sinuses require antibiotic treatment. Surgical excision is the treatment.