Hormone Imbalance

Hormones play a vital role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism, mood, growth, and reproduction. A hormone imbalance occurs when there is too much or too little of a hormone in the bloodstream, leading to a wide range of health issues. 

What is Hormone Imbalance?

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, influencing many of the body's processes. When hormones are out of balance, even slightly, it can cause significant changes to the body and lead to various symptoms and health problems.

Common Causes of Hormone Imbalance

Hormone imbalances can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Stress: Chronic stress can lead to an overproduction of cortisol, the stress hormone, which can disrupt the balance of other hormones in the body.
• Poor Diet: Diets high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats can affect insulin levels and contribute to hormone imbalances.
• Lack of Sleep: Inadequate sleep can interfere with the production of hormones like cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin.
• Menopause and Perimenopause: Women experience a natural decline in estrogen and progesterone levels during menopause, leading to symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and irregular periods.
• Thyroid Disorders: Conditions like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) result from imbalances in thyroid hormones.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a common endocrine disorder in women, characterized by an excess of androgens (male hormones), which can lead to irregular periods, acne, and infertility.
• Medications: Certain medications, including birth control pills, steroids, and hormone replacement therapy, can affect hormone levels.
• Environmental Toxins: Exposure to chemicals like BPA, phthalates, and pesticides can disrupt endocrine function and lead to hormone imbalances.
• Chronic Illness: Conditions like diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune diseases can impact hormone production and regulation.

Symptoms of Hormone Imbalance

The symptoms of hormone imbalance vary depending on which hormones are affected. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or lack of energy, even with adequate sleep.
• Weight Gain or Loss: Unexplained changes in weight, particularly around the abdomen.
• Mood Swings and Depression: Changes in mood, irritability, anxiety, or depression.
• Irregular Periods: In women, irregular, heavy, or missed periods can indicate hormone imbalances.
• Low Libido: Decreased sexual desire in both men and women.
• Acne and Skin Problems: Hormonal fluctuations can lead to acne, oily skin, or dry skin.
• Hair Loss or Excess Hair Growth: Thinning hair or baldness in men and women, or excessive hair growth in women (hirsutism).
• Sleep Disturbances: Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up feeling unrefreshed.
• Hot Flashes and Night Sweats: Common symptoms during menopause, caused by declining estrogen levels.
• Infertility: Difficulty conceiving can be a sign of hormone imbalances affecting reproductive health.

Diagnosis of Hormone Imbalance

If you suspect a hormone imbalance, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis. Diagnosis typically involves:

Medical History and Physical Exam: Your healthcare provider will review your symptoms, medical history, and perform a physical examination.
Blood Tests: Blood tests can measure levels of hormones such as thyroid hormones, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol.
Urine or Saliva Tests: These tests can also be used to assess hormone levels, particularly for cortisol and other adrenal hormones.
Imaging Tests: In some cases, imaging studies like ultrasound or MRI may be needed to check for abnormalities in the endocrine glands.

Treatment Options for Hormone Imbalance

The treatment for hormone imbalance depends on the underlying cause and the specific hormones involved. Common treatment options include:
 

• Lifestyle Changes:
  • Diet: A balanced diet rich in whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats, can support hormone balance.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity helps regulate hormones like insulin and cortisol and can improve overall well-being.
  • Stress Management: Techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can reduce stress and lower cortisol levels.
  • Sleep Hygiene: Ensuring adequate, quality sleep is essential for hormone regulation.
• Medications:
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Used to restore hormone levels in conditions like menopause or hypothyroidism.
• Birth Control Pills: Can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms of conditions like PCOS.
• Thyroid Medications: For those with thyroid disorders, medications can help normalize thyroid hormone levels.
• Natural Remedies:
  • Herbal Supplements: Certain herbs like maca root, ashwagandha, and evening primrose oil may help balance hormones naturally. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplements.
  • Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine technique can help regulate hormones and alleviate symptoms.
• Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be required to remove tumors or cysts that are affecting hormone production.

Conclusion

Hormone imbalance can have a profound impact on your physical and emotional well-being. By understanding the causes and symptoms, you can take proactive steps to seek diagnosis and treatment. Whether through lifestyle changes, medication, or natural remedies, balancing your hormones is key to achieving optimal health and improving your quality of life.

 

Thyroid Noudle

Thyroid nodules are lumps that form within the thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. While most thyroid nodules are benign and harmless, they can sometimes indicate underlying health issues, including thyroid cancer.

What Are Thyroid Nodules?

Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths of tissue within the thyroid gland. These nodules can vary in size and number and may be solid or filled with fluid (cystic). The presence of a nodule often doesn’t lead to noticeable symptoms, and many people are unaware they have one until it is discovered during a routine physical examination or imaging study.

Causes of Thyroid Nodules

Several factors can contribute to the development of thyroid nodules:

• Iodine Deficiency: A lack of iodine in the diet can lead to the formation of thyroid nodules, particularly in areas where iodine deficiency is common.
• Overgrowth of Normal Thyroid Tissue: Sometimes, normal thyroid tissue can grow excessively, forming a nodule. These nodules are usually benign and don’t cause significant problems.
• Thyroid Cysts: Fluid-filled cavities, or cysts, can develop within the thyroid gland, sometimes resulting from the degeneration of a thyroid adenoma (a benign tumor).
• Chronic Inflammation (Thyroiditis): Conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, can cause inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to nodule formation.
• Multinodular Goiter: A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland that may contain multiple nodules, which can be the result of various underlying conditions.
• Thyroid Cancer: Although most nodules are benign, a small percentage can be cancerous. Certain factors, such as a family history of thyroid cancer or exposure to radiation, can increase the risk of malignancy.

Symptoms of Thyroid Nodules

Most thyroid nodules don’t cause symptoms and are discovered incidentally. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Visible Lump in the Neck: A noticeable lump or swelling in the front of the neck is often the first sign of a thyroid nodule.
• Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: Larger nodules or a multinodular goiter can press against the esophagus or windpipe, causing difficulty with swallowing or breathing.
• Hoarseness or Voice Changes: If a nodule affects the vocal cords, it may cause hoarseness or changes in voice.
• Thyroid Dysfunction Symptoms: Some nodules can affect thyroid hormone production, leading to symptoms of hyperthyroidism (e.g., weight loss, palpitations) or hypothyroidism (e.g., weight gain, fatigue).
• Pain or Discomfort in the Neck: Rarely, a nodule can cause pain or discomfort, especially if it is rapidly growing or associated with thyroiditis.

Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

To evaluate a thyroid nodule, healthcare providers usually use a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests:

• Physical Examination: A healthcare provider may palpate the neck to detect any lumps or enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• Thyroid Function Tests: Blood tests can measure levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to assess whether the nodule is affecting thyroid function.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound is often the first imaging test used to evaluate a thyroid nodule. It can provide detailed information about the size, structure, and composition of the nodule (solid or cystic).
• Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy: If a nodule is suspicious for cancer, an FNA biopsy may be performed to collect cells from the nodule for microscopic examination.
• Thyroid Scan: In some cases, a thyroid scan using radioactive iodine may be used to determine whether the nodule is “hot” (producing excess thyroid hormone) or “cold” (not producing thyroid hormone).

Treatment Options for Thyroid Nodules

Treatment for thyroid nodules depends on the type, size, and potential risk of malignancy:

• Observation: Small, benign nodules that do not cause symptoms or thyroid dysfunction may only require regular monitoring with periodic ultrasound examinations.
• Medications:
• Thyroid Hormone Suppression Therapy: In some cases, thyroid hormone medications may be prescribed to suppress TSH production and prevent the growth of nodules.
• Radioactive Iodine Therapy: For hyperfunctioning nodules causing hyperthyroidism, radioactive iodine can be used to shrink the nodule.
• Surgery: Surgical removal of the nodule (thyroidectomy) may be necessary if the nodule is large, causing symptoms, or suspected to be cancerous. In cases of thyroid cancer, partial or total thyroidectomy is often recommended.
• Alcohol Ablation: For cystic nodules, alcohol ablation may be used to shrink the nodule by injecting alcohol directly into it.

Conclusion

Thyroid nodules are common and are usually benign, but they require careful evaluation to rule out malignancy. If you discover a lump in your neck or experience symptoms associated with thyroid nodules, it's important to consult a healthcare provider. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most thyroid nodules can be managed effectively, ensuring that they do not lead to complications.

 

Thyroid Swelling

Thyroid swelling, also known as a goiter, is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. The thyroid plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism through the hormones it produces. While thyroid swelling is often benign, it can sometimes indicate underlying health issues.

Causes of Thyroid Swelling

• Iodine Deficiency: The most common cause of thyroid swelling worldwide is iodine deficiency. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, and its deficiency can lead to an underactive thyroid, resulting in a goiter.
• Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: This autoimmune condition causes chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and subsequent swelling.
• Graves' Disease: Another autoimmune disorder, Graves' disease, results in hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). The overproduction of thyroid hormones causes the gland to enlarge.
• Thyroid Nodules: Sometimes, small lumps or nodules can develop within the thyroid, causing it to swell. These nodules can be benign or, in rare cases, cancerous.
• Thyroid Cancer: Though less common, thyroid cancer can cause noticeable swelling of the gland. Early detection and treatment are crucial in such cases.
• Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the thyroid gland can become enlarged due to hormonal changes and increased demand for thyroid hormones.

Symptoms of Thyroid Swelling

Thyroid swelling can present with various symptoms, depending on the underlying cause:

• Visible Lump in the Neck: The most noticeable symptom is a visible lump or swelling at the base of the neck.
• Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: A large goiter can press on the esophagus or windpipe, leading to difficulty swallowing or breathing.
• Hoarseness or Voice Changes: Swelling of the thyroid gland can affect the vocal cords, causing hoarseness or changes in voice.
• Thyroid Dysfunction Symptoms: Depending on whether the thyroid is underactive or overactive, symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain or loss, palpitations, and changes in mood.
• Neck Pain or Discomfort: In some cases, the swelling can cause pain or discomfort in the neck.

Diagnosis of Thyroid Swelling

To diagnose thyroid swelling, a healthcare provider will typically begin with a physical examination and may recommend the following tests:

• Blood Tests: Thyroid function tests measure levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to assess how well the thyroid is working.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound can help determine the size and structure of the thyroid gland and identify the presence of nodules or cysts.
• Thyroid Scan: A thyroid scan using radioactive iodine can provide detailed images of the thyroid, helping to identify abnormalities.
• Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy: If nodules are present, an FNA biopsy may be performed to check for cancerous cells.

Treatment Options for Thyroid Swelling

Treatment for thyroid swelling depends on the underlying cause, the size of the goiter, and whether it is causing symptoms.

• Observation: Small, asymptomatic goiters may only require regular monitoring without any immediate treatment.
• Medications:
  • Thyroid Hormone Replacement: In cases of hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement therapy can shrink the goiter.
  • Anti-Thyroid Medications: For hyperthyroidism, medications that reduce thyroid hormone production may be prescribed.
  • Iodine Supplements: If the swelling is due to iodine deficiency, iodine supplements may be recommended.
• Radioactive Iodine Therapy: This treatment is used to shrink the thyroid gland in cases of hyperthyroidism or when the goiter is causing significant symptoms.
• Surgery: In cases where the goiter is large, causing significant symptoms, or suspected to be cancerous, surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) may be necessary.

Conclusion

Thyroid swelling can be a sign of various thyroid disorders, from benign conditions like iodine deficiency to more serious issues like thyroid cancer. If you notice any unusual swelling or lump in your neck, it's important to seek medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage the condition effectively and prevent complications.

Diabetes and Stroke

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One of the most serious complications of diabetes is stroke, a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. Diabetes is a leading cause of stroke, and people with diabetes are at a higher risk of suffering from a stroke compared to those without diabetes. 

Here, we will explore the relationship between diabetes and stroke and discuss some strategies for reducing diabetes and stroke risk in people with diabetes. 

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects the way the body processes blood sugar or glucose. The body uses glucose for energy, and insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels. In people with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

There are two main types of diabetes. 

• Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, occurs when the body does not produce insulin. 
• Type 2 diabetes, the most common type, occurs when the body does not use insulin effectively or does not produce enough insulin. 
• Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise.

What is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching the brain cells. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain, while hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures.

Symptoms of Stroke

The symptoms of stroke can vary depending on the location and severity of the stroke. Some of the most common symptoms of stroke include:

• Sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body
• Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
• Vision problems, such as double vision or loss of vision in one eye
• Sudden severe headache
• Dizziness or loss of balance

The Link Between Diabetes and Stroke

Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, increasing the risk of blood clots that can lead to stroke. In addition, diabetes can increase the risk of other stroke risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. People with diabetes are also more likely to have atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, increasing the risk of stroke.

Reducing the Risk of Stroke in People with Diabetes

While diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke, there are several strategies that people with diabetes can use to reduce their risk of stroke:

1. Manage Blood Sugar Levels

Managing blood sugar levels is essential for people with diabetes to reduce their risk of stroke. Keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range can help prevent damage to blood vessels and reduce the risk of blood clots.

2. Control Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

High blood pressure and cholesterol levels are major risk factors for stroke. People with diabetes should work with their healthcare provider to manage their blood pressure and cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication if necessary.

3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of stroke in people with diabetes. Eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking can all help reduce the risk of stroke.

4. Take Medications as Prescribed

People with diabetes may be prescribed medications to manage their blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol. It is important to take these medications as prescribed and to follow up with healthcare providers regularly to ensure that medications are working effectively.

5. Be Aware of the Signs of a Stroke

Being aware of the signs of stroke is essential for people with diabetes. If symptoms of stroke occur, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to reduce the risk of serious complications.

Conclusion

In conclusion, diabetes and stroke are two interconnected medical conditions that can have serious consequences for your health. By understanding the link between these conditions and taking steps to prevent them, you can reduce your risk of developing diabetes or having a stroke. If you have any concerns about your risk of these conditions talk to the best diabetologist in Bangalore at Sakra World Hospital, who offers the most effective approaches to prevent and control these health issues.

Diabetes and Gangrene

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the body's ability to process glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage nerves and blood vessels, leading to a range of complications, including gangrene. 

Gangrene is a condition where the tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply, and it can occur in any part of the body. In this blog post, we will explore the link between diabetes and gangrene and discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this serious condition.

Causes of Gangrene in Diabetes

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing gangrene due to a number of factors. One of the main causes of foot gangrene is peripheral artery disease, which occurs when the blood vessels in the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked. This reduces blood flow to the affected area, which can lead to tissue death and gangrene.

Another factor that increases the risk of gangrene in diabetes is neuropathy or nerve damage. When nerves are damaged, people with diabetes may not feel pain or other symptoms in their feet or legs, even when tissue damage is occurring. This means that they may not seek medical attention until it is too late, and the damage has become irreversible.

Symptoms of Gangrene in Diabetes

Gangrene can occur in any part of the body, but it most commonly affects the feet and legs in people with diabetes. Symptoms of gangrene can include:

• Numbness or tingling in the affected area
• Pain, especially when walking or standing
• Skin that is discolored, dry, or cracking
• Blisters or sores that do not heal
• Foul-smelling discharge from the affected area
• Black or purple discoloration of the skin
• Fever or chills in more advanced cases

Treatment for Gangrene in Diabetes

Diabetic foot gangrene treatment in people with diabetes is a multi-step process that involves addressing the underlying causes of the condition. The following treatments may be recommended by a healthcare professional:

1. Wound care: The first step in treating gangrene is to clean and dress the affected area. This may involve removing any dead tissue and using antibiotics to prevent infection.

2. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: This treatment involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber. The increased oxygen levels in the blood can help to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection.

3. Medications: Medications may be prescribed to improve blood flow and prevent clotting, which can help to prevent the development of gangrene. Examples of these medications include anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.

4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove dead tissue and improve blood flow to the affected area. This may involve amputating a toe, foot, or even a leg.

5. Lifestyle changes: Making lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly can help to prevent gangrene from developing or worsening in people with diabetes.

Preventing Gangrene in Diabetes

The best way to prevent gangrene in diabetes is to take steps to manage the condition and reduce the risk of complications. This can include:

• Managing blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medication
• Quitting smoking, as smoking can increase the risk of peripheral artery disease
• Checking feet and legs regularly for signs of damage or injury
• Wearing comfortable shoes and avoiding tight socks or stockings
• Keeping feet clean and dry, and avoiding walking barefoot
• Seeking medical attention right away if any symptoms of gangrene or other complications occur

Conclusion

Gangrene is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to tissue death and the need for surgery or amputation. However, with proper management and care, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing gangrene and other complications of diabetes. If you have diabetes, come to Sakra World Hospital which provides you with the best Diabetologist and the best foot surgeon in Bangalore, who works closely with your health to manage your condition, and stays vigilant for any signs of trouble. By taking proactive steps to protect your health, you can reduce the risk of complications and enjoy a better quality of life.

Steroid-induced Diabetes

Steroids, commonly used in medical treatments and sports, offer several advantages. However, one potential side effect that necessitates attention is reversing steroid induced diabetes. This form of diabetes arises as a result of prolonged steroid use, disrupting blood sugar regulation and posing significant health risks. This blog post will explore the link between steroids and diabetes, the mechanisms behind steroid-induced diabetes, and discuss crucial considerations for managing and mitigating the risk.

Understanding Steroid-Induced Diabetes:

• Steroids, also known as corticosteroids or glucocorticoids, mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
• Steroids are prescribed for various medical conditions and are used in sports and bodybuilding for performance enhancement.
• Steroid-induced diabetes, also known as corticosteroid-induced diabetes or glucocorticoid-induced diabetes, occurs in individuals who use or have recently used steroids.
• Steroids primarily affect glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and impaired insulin production, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels.

Mechanisms of Steroid-Induced Diabetes:

• Steroids increase hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis, leading to excess release of glucose into the bloodstream.
• Steroids reduce the peripheral uptake of glucose by tissues, resulting in insulin resistance.
• Steroids impair the function of pancreatic beta cells, responsible for producing insulin, leading to reduced insulin secretion.

Risk Factors and Symptoms:

• High doses of steroids and prolonged treatment duration increase the likelihood of developing steroid-induced diabetes.
• Underlying conditions such as obesity, family history of diabetes, and pre-existing glucose intolerance are risk factors.

Symptoms of steroid-induced diabetes include:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination 
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Unexplained weight loss.

Management and Prevention:

• Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial, especially for individuals at higher risk.
• Following a healthy diet, managing weight, and engaging in regular physical activity can prevent or manage steroid-induced diabetes.
• Lifestyle modifications that support blood sugar control, such as reducing refined sugars and carbohydrates, are beneficial.
• In some cases, insulin or other anti-diabetic medications may be necessary to maintain optimal blood glucose levels.
• Working closely with healthcare professionals to determine the most suitable treatment plan and medication regimen is essential.

Importance of Communication:

• Individuals using steroids should communicate their steroid use to healthcare professionals to enable early detection and management of steroid-induced diabetes.
• Open communication ensures comprehensive care and timely adjustments to treatment plans.

Awareness and Education:

• It is vital to increase knowledge and understanding about steroid-induced diabetes among healthcare professionals, athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals receiving treatment of steroid induced hyperglycemia.
• Education regarding the potential risks, symptoms, and preventive measures can empower individuals to make informed decisions and seek appropriate medical attention.

Conclusion:

Steroid-induced diabetes is a significant concern that requires understanding and proactive management. By recognizing the link between steroids and diabetes, understanding the mechanisms behind steroid-induced diabetes, and adopting preventive measures, individuals can mitigate the risks associated with this condition. Sakra World Hospital in Bangalore provides exceptional diabetes treatment, emphasizing regular monitoring, healthy lifestyle choices, and open communication with healthcare experts to effectively manage steroid-induced diabetes and ensure overall well-being.

Diabetes and Kidney Failure

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions worldwide, can have devastating consequences if not managed effectively. One of the most severe complications of diabetes is kidney failure, also known as diabetic nephropathy. In this blog, we will explore the connection between diabetes and kidney failure, and exploring symptoms, discuss preventative measures and treatments, and shed light on important points to consider for maintaining kidney health.

Understanding Diabetes and Kidney Failure

Diabetic nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by long-standing high blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can impair the small blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products from the blood. 

This damage can lead to reduced kidney function and, ultimately, kidney failure. Factors such as poorly managed blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle choices can increase the risk of developing kidney failure in individuals with diabetes.

Identifying the Symptoms

In the early stages, kidney damage caused by diabetes may not exhibit any noticeable symptoms of kidney failure and Diabetes. However, as the condition progresses, common indicators may include:

• Increased urination
• Fatigue
• Swelling in the legs and ankles 
• Persistent itching
• Unexplained weight loss. 

Recognizing these signs and seeking medical advice promptly is crucial to prevent further damage.

Preventive Measures and Precautions

Blood sugar management: Keeping blood sugar levels within the target range is crucial to reduce the risk of kidney damage. Regular monitoring, following a balanced diet, exercising, and adhering to medication and insulin regimens are essential.

Blood pressure control: High blood pressure is a common risk factor for kidney damage. Individuals with diabetes should maintain blood pressure below 130/80 mm Hg through lifestyle modifications, medication, and regular check-ups.

Healthy lifestyle choices: Quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight can help protect kidney function.

Regular check-ups: Routine monitoring of kidney function through blood and urine tests can help detect any signs of kidney damage at an early stage, allowing for timely intervention.

Medication review: Some medications can potentially harm the kidneys. It is crucial for individuals with diabetes to discuss their medications with healthcare professionals and ensure they are kidney-friendly.

Treatment Approaches

Blood sugar control: Achieving and maintaining optimal blood sugar levels can significantly slow down the progression of kidney damage. This may involve lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin therapy.

Blood pressure management: Medications such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly prescribed to lower blood pressure and protect the kidneys. Regular check-ups and medication adjustments are necessary to ensure optimal control.

Dietary modifications: Limiting salt, phosphorus, and potassium intake can help reduce strain on the kidneys. A registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance on kidney-friendly meal planning.

Dialysis: In advanced cases of kidney failure, dialysis becomes necessary to perform the kidney's filtration function artificially. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are the two main types, and the choice depends on the patient's overall health and preferences.

Kidney transplantation: For suitable candidates, kidney transplantation offers the best long-term outcome. A healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is surgically transplanted into the patient's body, replacing the failed kidney.

Importance of Early Detection

Regular screenings and check-ups are essential for individuals with diabetes to detect kidney damage in its early stages. 

Routine tests, such as urine albumin and serum creatinine tests, can help identify kidney abnormalities and allow for timely intervention, potentially preventing further deterioration.

Conclusion 

Diabetes and kidney failure are closely intertwined, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive diabetes management to preserve kidney health. By following preventive measures, maintaining blood sugar and blood pressure within target ranges, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and seeking regular medical care, individuals with diabetes can significantly reduce their risk of developing kidney failure. 

Sakra World Hospital in Bangalore offers top-notch treatment for diabetes, focusing on early detection and timely intervention, coupled with appropriate treatments and necessary lifestyle adjustments, and offer a solution to kidney problem caused by diabetes. This approach can slow down or halt kidney damage, protecting kidney function and enabling a fulfilling life.

Thyroid Cancer- Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland which is located at the base of the neck, below the Adam's apple. It comprises of the right lobe and left lobe which is connected by a thin piece of tissue called the isthmus. 

Importance of Thyroid gland: The thyroid gland is a part of the endocrine system which is made up of glands that produce, store and release hormones into the bloodstream. The hormones released by the thyroid gland is accountable for metabolism, growth and development in the human body. The Thyroid gland plays a vital role in the function of many systems and organs such as the heart, brain, liver, kidneys and skin. So, it is important to understand how the thyroid gland works and to be aware of warning signs of thyroid gland problems before its late.

Thyroid cancer: Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the thyroid gland when cells mutate or change. These abnormal cells begin multiplying uncontrollably in your thyroid and form a tumour. Thyroid cancer is seen more in women than in men. Women usually tend to get thyroid cancer at the age between 40-50s, while men get it in their 60s.

The thyroid gland has two main types of cells:

1. Follicular cells: Follicular cells are also called as thyrocytes or thyroid epithelial cells, responsible for the secretion of iodine-containing thyroid hormones - thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The amount of thyroid hormone discharged by the thyroid is controlled by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain, which makes a substance called thyroid-stimulating hormone.  

2. C cells: C cells are also called parafollicular cells whose primary function is to secrete calcitonin, a hormone that helps to regulate how the body uses calcium.  
Other common cells in the thyroid gland include lymphocytes which are part of the immune system and stromal cells which are supportive cells.

Causes: Thyroid cancer is associated with a number of inherited conditions, yet the definite reason for thyroid cancer is not yet found. Some of the risk factors that can’t be changed are gender and age, hereditary and family history. Some of the risk factors that may be changed are iodine levels in diet and radiation exposure.

Types of Thyroid Cancer:

1. Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer, found in up to 80% of thyroid cases. It tends to grow slowly and often spreads to cervical lymph nodes. It can occur at any age, but it often affects people aged between 30-50.

2. Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common type of cancer that arises from follicular cells of the thyroid. It can occur in people aged more than 50 and tends to spread into your lymph nodes and most likely into blood vessels. This type of cancer is seen in countries where people don’t get sufficient iodine in their diet.

3. Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Medullary thyroid cancer develops in thyroid cells called C cells. These C cells produce a hormone called calcitonin which helps control the amount of calcium in the blood. This cancer is seen in about 4% of all thyroid cancer cases, and it can spread in lymph nodes, lungs or liver before a thyroid nodule is found.

4. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare and severe type of cancer to treat, as it is aggressive in spreading to other parts of the body. It is also called as undifferentiated carcinoma, seen in 2% of all thyroid cancer cases.

Symptoms: Normally, thyroid cancer does not have any signs or symptoms at an early stage. As it grows, it may cause:

1. Neck pain and throat pain

2. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

3. Difficulty swallowing

4. Voice changes, hoarseness  

Many types of tumours can develop in the thyroid gland, that includes non-cancerous (benign) and cancerous (malignant), which tend to spread into nearby tissues and to other parts of the body. 

If you experience any of these signs then it's time to consult the doctor to know the root cause which may or may not be thyroid cancer.

Diagnosis: First your doctor/physician will take a detailed medical history and conduct a careful physical assessment of the thyroid gland. The following are the tests included in the diagnostic process.

1. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a simple procedure used to remove a sample of cells, or tissue for microscopic examination to determine cancer.  

2. Ultrasonography is required as guidance of fine needle biopsy if the nodule or lump is difficult to evaluate.  

3. Thyroid scan is an imaging procedure that uses radioactive iodine tracer to check the functioning of the thyroid gland especially for patients with low TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels to evaluate thyroid nodules that are usually benign.  

4. Blood tests are done to determine if the thyroid gland is functioning normally.  

Thyroid Cancer Treatment: Based on the severity of thyroid cancer, you may need more than one type of treatment. 

1. Surgery

2. Thyroid hormone therapy

3. Radioactive iodine

4. External radiation therapy

5. Chemotherapy

6. Injecting alcohol into cancers

7. Targeted drug therapy

8. Palliative care

If you are looking for best cancer hospitals in Bangalore, then Sakra World Hospital is the top-recommended hospital that is offering multi-speciality facilities and advanced treatment services. We have a team of expert cancer specialists with the support of skilled staff to provide comprehensive cancer care.

Book an appointment online with our top cancer specialists and get advice for the right treatment options for thyroid cancer.

66 year old cured from a rare Benign Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour (PMT)- only 12 such cases repo

Doctors at Sakra World Hospital have successfully treated a very rare case of sino-nasal vascular tumour on a 66-year old male in the city. The Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour (PMT), Hemangio Pericytoma of Ethmoid Sinus was found in a 66-year-old male patient who was confined to a wheel-chair. Only 12 such rare cases of the tumour has been reported worldwide till date according to medical journals.

He is a writer and was bed-ridden for the last 6 months, who had undergone a hip replacement surgery after a fall in the bathroom two years ago. He should have completely recovered post-surgery but unfortunately his condition kept deteriorating. Visits to multiple hospitals neither identify the core issue nor treated his condition. His condition further worsened that he was confined to a wheelchair and had to be carried around even for his ablutions. Being the sole bread winner of the house he could not afford to be in this situation, over and above he was also diabetic, hypertensive and had a CABG (Coronary artery bypass grafting) done in past.  

The patient was referred to Prof.Dr.C.V. Harinarayan, Director Diabetes, Endocrinology and Osteoporosis, who identified the problem to be the loss of phosphorus from the body.  According to Dr. Harinarayan, ‘Phosphorus along with calcium, phosphate, vitamin D etc. are important components for the formation of the bones. In normal conditions the phosphorus is reabsorbed into the body by the kidneys, but in this case it was excreted resulting in soft bones.  Such a condition occurs due to the presence of a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumour which is a rare benign tumour which inappropriately produces a substance known as FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23) which decreases the rate of reabsorption of phosphorous in the body.’

Based on the above biochemical assessment a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan was conducted in order to locate the position of the tumour. The scan revealed a tumour at the base of the skull, very close to the eyes and base of the brain (Posterior Ethmoidal Sinus). The size and position of the tumour made it very complicated and required highly-skilled and experienced doctors to handle.

Based on the assessment and location of the tumour, the team at Sakra World Hospital performed a specialised CT scan and generated a 3D image of the tumour and decided on the complex procedure.  ‘Being a vascular tumour, the risk of blood loss could have been very high and any mishap could have led to serious damages to the eyes and the brain. The navigation assisted endoscopic procedure along with the CT scan helped in successfully performing the surgery with minimal blood loss and without any incisions,’ said, Dr. Honey Ashok, Senior Consultant - ENT, Head Neck Surgery & Head Neck Onco Surgery.

The patient showed signs of recovery within just a few hours of the surgery and laboratory tests showed a steady rise in phosphorus levels. The patient was discharged the very next day with advice for regular follow up. Now his FGF level has returned to normal.

---

“The past one year of my life has been a very difficult with what had taken place. Being confined to a wheel-chair and not being able to perform even the daily chores made me miserable. Visited many doctors and hospitals and unfortunately no one could locate the problem. I am thankful that Dr. Harinarayan and team who could not only locate the problem, but also through their expert advice and experience treat the same. I am able to walk again and can complete all my pending jobs,” says the cured male patient.

---

Media Coverage