Facial Palsy And The Treatments

Breast Upliftment

Breast upliftment, also known as mastopexy or a breast lift, is a cosmetic procedure designed to restore firmness and a youthful shape to sagging breasts. Whether due to aging, pregnancy, weight fluctuations, or genetic factors, sagging breasts can affect confidence and self-esteem. A breast lift offers a solution to address these concerns and enhance breast appearance.

What is Breast Upliftment?

Breast upliftment is a surgical procedure that involves lifting and reshaping the breasts to achieve a more youthful and aesthetically pleasing contour. The procedure involves removing excess skin, tightening the underlying tissue, and repositioning the nipple and areola to a higher position. Unlike breast augmentation, which increases breast volume, breast upliftment focuses on improving the shape and firmness of the breasts.

Causes of Breast Sagging

Several factors can contribute to breast sagging, including:

• Aging: As we age, the skin loses its elasticity, and the supporting ligaments in the breasts weaken, leading to sagging.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Hormonal changes and increased breast volume during pregnancy and breastfeeding can stretch the skin and tissue, causing sagging.
• Weight Fluctuations: Significant weight gain or loss can impact breast volume and elasticity, leading to drooping.
• Genetics: Your genetic makeup can influence the natural shape and firmness of your breasts, making some women more prone to sagging.
• Gravity: Over time, gravity exerts a downward force on the breasts, contributing to their sagging.

Symptoms Indicating a Need for Breast Upliftment

The main indicator for considering a breast upliftment is sagging breasts. Other symptoms include:

• Drooping Breasts: The breasts may appear lower on the chest wall than desired.
• Enlarged Areolas: The areolas may stretch and become larger as the breasts sag.
• Loss of Firmness: The breasts may feel less firm and more pendulous.

The Breast Upliftment Procedure

• Consultation: The process begins with a detailed consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon. During this visit, you'll discuss your goals, review your medical history, and determine the most suitable surgical approach.
• Surgical Techniques: Several techniques are used based on the degree of sagging and patient goals:
• Periareolar Lift: An incision around the areola, suitable for mild sagging.
• Vertical Lift: An incision around the areola extending vertically down to the breast crease, used for moderate sagging.
• Anchor Lift: Incisions around the areola, vertically down to the breast crease, and along the crease itself, ideal for severe sagging.
• Anesthesia: The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia, ensuring you are comfortable and pain-free during the surgery.
• Procedure Details: The surgeon will remove excess skin, tighten the underlying tissue, and reposition the nipple and areola. The procedure usually lasts a few hours.

Recovery After Breast Upliftment

• Immediate Post-Operative Care: Expect swelling, bruising, and discomfort after the surgery. These symptoms are normal and can be managed with prescribed pain medication and compression garments.
• Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks. Follow your surgeon’s post-operative care instructions for optimal healing.
• Follow-Up Visits: Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor healing and ensure the desired results. Your surgeon will remove stitches and evaluate the outcome.
• Long-Term Results: The final results will become more apparent as swelling subsides, typically within a few months. Maintaining a stable weight and healthy lifestyle can help prolong the results.

Conclusion

Breast upliftment is a transformative procedure that can enhance your confidence by restoring a youthful and attractive breast contour. By understanding the causes of breast sagging, the procedure itself, and what to expect during recovery, you can make an informed decision about whether a breast lift is right for you. Consult with a qualified plastic surgeon to explore your options and develop a personalized treatment plan that meets your goals and expectations.

 

FAQs

1. Is breast upliftment painful?

The procedure is performed under anesthesia, so you won’t feel pain during surgery. Post-operative discomfort is normal but manageable with medication.

2. How long is the recovery period?

Most patients can resume light activities within a few days, but full recovery usually takes about 2-4 weeks.

3. Will there be visible scars?

Scarring is a natural part of the process but tends to fade over time. Skilled surgeons make incisions in less noticeable areas.

4. How long do the results last?

The results are long-lasting, but factors such as aging, pregnancy, and weight fluctuations can affect their longevity.

5. Can I combine a breast lift with other procedures?

Yes, many women choose to combine a breast lift with breast augmentation or reduction to achieve enhanced results.
 

Breast Reduction Surgery

Breast reduction surgery, also known as reduction mammoplasty, is a procedure designed to reduce the size and weight of large breasts. It can alleviate physical discomfort and enhance both physical appearance and self-esteem.
Breast reduction surgery involves removing excess breast tissue, fat, and skin to create a smaller, more proportionate breast size. This procedure is often sought by individuals experiencing discomfort or dissatisfaction with their breast size. By achieving a more balanced breast size, patients can find relief from various physical and emotional challenges.

Symptoms Indicating the Need for Breast Reduction

Symptoms that might prompt consideration of breast reduction surgery include:

• Chronic Pain: Persistent back, neck, or shoulder pain caused by the weight of large breasts.
• Skin Irritation: Rashes or fungal infections in the skin folds under the breasts.
• Postural Issues: Poor posture resulting from the weight of large breasts, potentially leading to a rounded back.
• Physical Discomfort: Difficulty in performing physical activities or exercises due to breast size.
• Psychological Impact: Low self-esteem or social anxiety related to the size of the breasts.

Causes of significant breast enlargement 

Excess breast growth  can be driven by various causes:

• Genetics: Large breasts can run in families, with some individuals experiencing disproportionate breast growth.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those during puberty or pregnancy, can affect breast size.
• Aging: As people age, breast tissue may become more saggy and heavy, contributing to discomfort.

Treatment Options for Breast Reduction

While breast reduction surgery is a definitive treatment, non-surgical options can help manage symptoms but may not provide long-term solutions:

• Physical Therapy: To address postural issues and muscle strain.
• Pain Medication: For temporary relief from chronic pain.
• Supportive Bras: Specially designed bras to help alleviate discomfort and provide support.

The Breast Reduction Procedure

1. Consultation
The process begins with a detailed consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon. During this consultation:

• Medical Evaluation: Your overall health and medical history are reviewed.
• Discussion of Goals: You’ll talk about your desired breast size and shape.
• Planning: The surgeon will plan the surgical approach based on your needs

2. Surgical Techniques
Several techniques can be used, including:

• Vertical (Lollipop) Incision: An incision around the areola and a vertical incision down to the breast crease. This method is less invasive with minimal scarring.
• Inverted T (Anchor) Incision: An incision around the areola, down to the breast crease, and along the crease. This technique allows for significant reduction and reshaping

3. Procedure
Breast reduction surgery is performed under general anesthesia and usually lasts 2-4 hours. The process involves:

• Removing Excess Tissue: The surgeon removes excess breast tissue, fat, and skin.
• Repositioning the Nipple and Areola: To ensure a natural appearance, the nipple and areola are repositioned.
• Shaping the Breasts: The remaining tissue is reshaped to achieve the desired size and form.

Why Opt for Breast Reduction Surgery?

Breast reduction surgery offers several benefits:

• Relief from Physical Pain: Reduces back, neck, and shoulder pain caused by the weight of large breasts.
• Improved Mobility: Enhances physical activity and comfort during exercise.
• Alleviates Skin Irritation: Reduces the risk of rashes and infections under the breasts.
• Enhanced Self-Esteem: Improves body image and self-confidence by achieving a proportionate breast size.
• Better Clothing Fit: Makes it easier to find well-fitting clothing and bras.

Recovery and Aftercare

1. Immediate Post-Surgery Care

• Pain Management: Pain and swelling are common but can be managed with prescribed medications and cold compresses.
• Supportive Garments: Wear a special post-surgical bra to support the breasts and aid in healing.
• Wound Care: Follow instructions for keeping the surgical sites clean and dry.

2. Long-Term Recovery

• Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks. Light activities can usually be resumed within 1-2 weeks.
• Follow-Up Appointments: Regular visits to your surgeon to monitor healing and address any concerns.

3. Final Results

• Appearance: The final shape and size of your breasts become apparent as swelling subsides. Full results may take several months to fully manifest.
• Comfort and Confidence: Many patients experience significant improvements in physical comfort and self-esteem.

Potential Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, breast reduction surgery carries potential risks:

• Infection: Though rare, infections can occur and may require treatment.
• Scarring: Scarring is a natural part of the healing process but usually fades over time.
• Changes in Sensation: Temporary or permanent changes in nipple sensation may occur.
• Asymmetry: Slight differences in breast size or shape can occur.
• Delayed Healing: In some cases, the healing process may take longer than expected.

Conclusion

Breast reduction surgery can provide significant physical and emotional relief for individuals struggling with large breasts. By understanding the symptoms, causes, procedure, and recovery process, you can make an informed decision about whether this surgery is right for you. Consult with a board-certified plastic surgeon to discuss your goals, evaluate your options, and plan for a successful outcome.
Breast reduction surgery offers the potential for improved comfort, enhanced appearance, and increased confidence. With careful consideration and proper care, you can achieve the results you desire and enjoy a more balanced, comfortable life.

 

FAQs

1. How long does breast reduction surgery take?

The procedure typically takes 2-4 hours, depending on the extent of reduction and the chosen technique.

2. When can I return to work after breast reduction surgery?

Most individuals can return to work within 1-2 weeks, though this depends on how well you’re healing.

3. Will I have visible scars after the surgery?

Scarring is common but usually fades over time. Your surgeon will use techniques to minimize and conceal scars.

4. Can breast reduction affect my ability to breastfeed?

Breastfeeding ability may be impacted. Discuss your plans with your surgeon if breastfeeding is important to you.

5. What can I do to ensure a smooth recovery?

Follow your surgeon’s post-operative care instructions, wear a supportive bra, and avoid strenuous activities during the initial healing period.

Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery has become increasingly popular worldwide, offering solutions for both cosmetic enhancement and medical reconstruction. Whether it’s for aesthetic improvement or functional restoration, plastic surgery provides a wide range of options. However, with these benefits come certain risks. Understanding the different types of plastic surgery, their benefits, and the potential risks is crucial for anyone considering these procedures.

Types of Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery is divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery.

1. Reconstructive Surgery

Reconstructive plastic surgery focuses on correcting deformities or restoring function due to injury, disease, or congenital defects. Some common types of reconstructive surgeries include:

• Breast Reconstruction: Typically performed after a mastectomy due to breast cancer, this surgery restores the breast shape.
• Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: Corrects birth defects of the lip and mouth, improving appearance and speech function.
• Hand Surgery: Addresses conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, or trauma-related injuries.
• Scar Revision Surgery: Minimizes scars resulting from surgery, burns, or injury, making them less noticeable.

2. Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic plastic surgery focuses on enhancing a person’s appearance to achieve their desired aesthetic goals. Some popular cosmetic procedures include:

• Rhinoplasty (Nose Job): Reshapes the nose for aesthetic purposes or to correct breathing issues.
• Facelift: Reduces the appearance of wrinkles and sagging skin, offering a more youthful look.
• Breast Augmentation: Increases breast size or restores breast volume using implants.
• Liposuction: Removes excess fat from specific areas of the body, such as the abdomen, thighs, or arms.
• Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty): Tightens the abdominal muscles and removes excess skin for a flatter stomach.
• Botox and Dermal Fillers: Non-surgical treatments that reduce wrinkles and add volume to the face.

Benefits of Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery can offer numerous benefits, both physical and psychological. These benefits are dependent on the type of procedure performed and the individual's goals.

1. Improved Physical Appearance
One of the most common motivations for cosmetic surgery is the desire to improve appearance. Procedures like rhinoplasty, facelifts, and breast augmentation can help individuals achieve their aesthetic goals, boosting their confidence and self-esteem.

2. Enhanced Self-Confidence
Improved appearance often leads to better self-esteem. Individuals who feel more confident about their looks may experience a positive impact on their social interactions, work performance, and overall mental well-being.

3. Restored Functionality
Reconstructive surgeries are often performed to restore physical functions. For instance, cleft lip repair improves speech, and hand surgery restores movement and dexterity. These procedures can greatly enhance quality of life for individuals suffering from functional impairments.

4. Correction of Medical Issues
Certain plastic surgeries not only improve appearance but also resolve medical concerns. Rhinoplasty, for example, can correct breathing difficulties, while breast reduction surgery can alleviate chronic back pain caused by overly large breasts.

Risks of Plastic Surgery

While plastic surgery can offer many benefits, it is not without risks. These risks should be carefully considered and discussed with a qualified surgeon before undergoing any procedure.

1. Surgical Complications
As with any surgical procedure, plastic surgery carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and reactions to anesthesia. These complications can vary in severity and may require additional treatment or surgery.

2. Scarring
All surgeries leave scars, though plastic surgeons aim to minimize scarring and place incisions in less noticeable areas. In some cases, scars may be more prominent than expected, leading to dissatisfaction with the results.

3. Poor Results
Not all plastic surgery procedures result in the desired outcome. Dissatisfaction with the appearance after surgery can lead to psychological distress and the need for revision surgery.

4. Nerve Damage
Plastic surgery may sometimes result in temporary or permanent nerve damage. This can cause numbness, tingling, or changes in sensation in the treated area.

5. Financial Costs
Plastic surgery, especially cosmetic procedures, can be expensive and is often not covered by insurance. Costs include the surgery itself, post-operative care, and potential revision procedures.

6. Psychological Effects
Some individuals may struggle with body image issues even after surgery, leading to ongoing dissatisfaction or a condition known as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). In such cases, surgery may not provide the desired psychological relief.

How to Minimize Risks

To minimize the risks associated with plastic surgery, it’s essential to take the following steps:

• Choose a Qualified Surgeon: Ensure that your surgeon is board-certified and experienced in performing the specific procedure you're considering.
• Have Realistic Expectations: Understand the limitations of plastic surgery and set realistic goals. Discuss your expectations thoroughly with your surgeon.
• Follow Pre- and Post-Operative Instructions: Carefully follow all of your surgeon’s pre- and post-operative guidelines to reduce the risk of complications.
• Consider Non-Surgical Options: For those hesitant about surgery, there are non-invasive options like Botox, fillers, or laser treatments that may provide satisfactory results without the risks of surgery.

Conclusion

Plastic surgery offers numerous options for both medical and cosmetic enhancements, from reconstructive procedures to improve function to cosmetic surgeries that enhance physical appearance. However, each procedure comes with its own set of risks. It’s essential to weigh the potential benefits and risks carefully, consult a qualified surgeon, and make informed decisions. While plastic surgery can be life-changing, it’s crucial to have realistic expectations and be prepared for the recovery process and potential complications.

 

FAQs
 

1. Is plastic surgery safe?

Plastic surgery is generally safe when performed by a qualified, board-certified surgeon. However, like any surgery, it carries risks such as infection, scarring, and complications from anesthesia.

2. How long does it take to recover from plastic surgery?

Recovery times vary depending on the procedure. Minor procedures like Botox may have no downtime, while major surgeries like a tummy tuck can take several weeks to months for a full recovery.

3. Can plastic surgery improve my health?

Yes, some plastic surgeries, such as rhinoplasty and breast reduction, can improve physical health by addressing issues like breathing difficulties or chronic pain.

4. Will I have visible scars after plastic surgery?

While most surgeries result in some scarring, skilled surgeons work to minimize visible scars by making incisions in discreet locations and using advanced techniques.

5. Are the results of plastic surgery permanent?

Most plastic surgery results are long-lasting, but factors like aging, weight changes, and lifestyle habits can affect the longevity of results. Non-surgical procedures like Botox may require regular maintenance treatments.

 

Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a nose job, is one of the most popular cosmetic surgeries worldwide. Whether for aesthetic enhancement or functional improvement, rhinoplasty has helped countless individuals achieve their desired appearance and improve nasal function. This procedure can reshape the nose, correct breathing issues, and address trauma or congenital defects. 

What is Rhinoplasty?

Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure that alters the shape, size, or structure of the nose. It can be performed for both cosmetic and medical reasons:

• Cosmetic Rhinoplasty focuses on improving the appearance of the nose by altering its shape, size, or proportions.
• Functional Rhinoplasty addresses structural issues such as a deviated septum or breathing problems.

The surgery can make adjustments to the bone, cartilage, skin, or all three, depending on the patient’s needs and goals.

Types of Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty comes in various forms, depending on the patient's concerns:

1.Reduction Rhinoplasty

• This procedure reduces the size of the nose, typically addressing humps, bumps, or overly large noses. It reshapes the nasal bridge, tip, or nostrils.

2.Augmentation Rhinoplasty

• Used when the nose is too small or underdeveloped, this surgery involves adding bone or cartilage grafts to increase its size or reshape the structure.

3.Post-Traumatic Rhinoplasty

• This reconstructive surgery is done to repair a nose damaged by trauma or injury, restoring both its function and appearance.

4.Ethnic Rhinoplasty

• This procedure caters to the unique structural features of different ethnic groups, aiming to enhance the nose while maintaining its ethnic characteristics.

5.Septoplasty

• A functional rhinoplasty that focuses on correcting a deviated septum, helping to improve airflow and resolve breathing issues.

Benefits of Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty offers a variety of aesthetic and functional benefits:

• Improved Appearance

The primary goal of cosmetic rhinoplasty is to enhance facial harmony. By adjusting the nose’s shape, size, or proportions, the procedure can create a more balanced facial profile.

•  Increased Self-Confidence

Many people feel self-conscious about the appearance of their nose. Rhinoplasty can help individuals feel more comfortable and confident in their appearance.

• Corrected Nasal Issues

Functional rhinoplasty, such as septoplasty, improves airflow and corrects nasal obstructions. Patients often find relief from breathing difficulties, chronic congestion, and snoring after surgery.

•  Repaired Nasal Trauma

For those who have suffered nasal trauma, rhinoplasty can restore the nose’s original appearance and improve its function.

The Rhinoplasty Procedure

Here are the steps involved in rhinoplasty:

• Consultation

A detailed consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon is the first step. During this visit, patients discuss their goals, expectations, and concerns, and the surgeon evaluates the nose’s structure.

• Surgical Techniques
  • Closed Rhinoplasty involves making incisions inside the nostrils, leaving no visible scars. It is typically used for minor adjustments.
  • Open Rhinoplasty makes an incision across the columella (the tissue between the nostrils), allowing for better access to the nasal structure. While this method leaves a small scar, it is usually unnoticeable.
• Anesthesia

Rhinoplasty is usually performed under general anesthesia, but in some cases, local anesthesia with sedation may be used.

• Reshaping

The surgeon then reshapes the nasal bones and cartilage based on the patient’s desired outcome. Cartilage grafts may be added or reduced, depending on whether the procedure is augmentation or reduction rhinoplasty.

• Closing Incisions

After reshaping, the skin is draped back over the newly structured nose, and the incisions are closed.

• Recovery and Splinting

A nasal splint is usually applied to protect the nose and help it heal properly during the initial recovery phase.

Rhinoplasty Recovery

Recovery from rhinoplasty varies from person to person, but here’s a general time:

• First Week: Most patients experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort for the first few days post-surgery. The nasal splint is usually removed after one week.
• 2-4 Weeks: Swelling subsides, but it may take several weeks before normal activities, like exercise, can be resumed.
• 6-12 Months: Complete recovery, with all residual swelling gone and the final shape of the nose visible, may take up to a year.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, rhinoplasty carries risks. While the majority of procedures go smoothly, it’s important to be aware of potential complications:

• Infection

Although rare, infections can occur and are usually treated with antibiotics.

• Breathing Difficulties

In some cases, breathing difficulties may arise if the nasal passages are altered too much during the surgery.

• Numbness or Sensation Changes

Temporary numbness in the nasal area is common, though it typically resolves within a few weeks.

• Scarring

While most rhinoplasty scars are minimal, some patients may develop noticeable scarring, particularly after open rhinoplasty.

• Unsatisfactory Results

Some patients may not be satisfied with the outcome, leading to the need for revision rhinoplasty.

Conclusion

Rhinoplasty is a transformative procedure that offers both aesthetic and functional benefits. Whether you’re looking to enhance your appearance or resolve breathing issues, rhinoplasty can help you achieve your goals. However, like any surgical procedure, it’s essential to choose a qualified, experienced surgeon and have realistic expectations. With proper care and attention, rhinoplasty can provide life-changing results, helping you feel more confident and comfortable in your own skin.
 

FAQs

1. Is rhinoplasty painful?

Most patients report mild to moderate discomfort after the surgery, but pain is usually well-controlled with prescribed painkillers.

2. What is the ideal age for rhinoplasty?

Rhinoplasty is typically performed on individuals whose facial growth is complete, usually around the age of 16 for girls and 18 for boys.

3. Will rhinoplasty affect my breathing?

When performed correctly by a skilled surgeon, rhinoplasty should not impair breathing. In fact, functional rhinoplasty can improve breathing for those with nasal obstructions.

4. How long do rhinoplasty results last?

Rhinoplasty results are permanent, but the nose will continue to age naturally over time. Patients can expect long-lasting improvements in appearance and function.

5. Is rhinoplasty covered by insurance?

Cosmetic rhinoplasty is not typically covered by insurance. However, if the surgery is performed to correct breathing issues or repair trauma, insurance may cover part of the cost.

What are the Benefits and Side Effects of Liposuction?

Liposuction, a popular fat removal surgery, has gained prominence as a cosmetic procedure aimed at reshaping and contouring the body. While it offers numerous benefits, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects. This blog delves into both aspects, to help individuals make informed decisions regarding liposuction.

Benefits of Liposuction

• Improved Body Contour: Liposuction effectively removes stubborn pockets of fat that are resistant to diet and exercise. This results in a more sculpted and aesthetically pleasing body contour.
• Boost in Confidence: Individuals often experience a surge in self-confidence and body positivity after undergoing liposuction. Achieving desired body proportions can lead to increased self-esteem and a more positive self-image.
• Health Benefits: In certain cases, liposuction can have health benefits. For example, it may be recommended for patients with lipedema or lymphedema, conditions characterized by abnormal fat distribution and fluid retention.
• Reduced Health Risks: Excessive fat accumulation can lead to various health issues, including heart disease and diabetes. Liposuction can help reduce these risks by reducing excess fat deposits.
• Enhanced Mobility: Removing excess fat can lead to improved mobility, making physical activities more comfortable and enjoyable.
• Customizable Approach: Liposuction is highly customizable, allowing surgeons to target specific areas of concern. This precision ensures that patients achieve their desired results.

Side Effects of Liposuction

• Bruising and Swelling: Immediately after the procedure, patients can expect some bruising and swelling around the treated areas. This is a common side effect but typically subsides over a few weeks.
• Pain and Discomfort: Mild to moderate pain and discomfort may be experienced, especially in the first few days post-surgery. Pain is typically mild and can usually be managed with prescribed oral medications.
• Scarring: While incisions made during liposuction are relatively small, they can leave behind scars. These scars tend to fade with time, but maybe noticeable initially.
• Numbness and Sensation Changes: Some patients may experience temporary numbness or changes in sensation around the treated areas. This is usually temporary and resolves over time.
• Infection and Complications: Although rare, there is a risk of infection or other complications associated with any surgical procedure. Following proper post-operative care instructions is crucial in minimizing these risks.
• Uneven Results: Achieving perfectly symmetrical results can be challenging, and in some cases, slight asymmetry may occur. Revision procedures may be necessary to address this.

Conclusion

Preparing for Plastic Surgery: Making it as Easy as Possible

Embarking on a journey towards plastic surgery requires careful planning and preparation. Undergoing plastic surgery is a significant decision that can bring about positive changes in one's life. Whether it's for cosmetic enhancements or reconstructive purposes, thorough preparation is essential for a successful and smooth surgical experience. This blog aims to guide you through the steps to make the process as easy and stress-free as possible.

Types of Plastic Surgery Treatments

Here are some types of Plastic Surgery treatments

Facial Procedures:

• Facelift: Helps to address sagging skin, wrinkles, and other signs of aging.
• Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty): Focuses on rejuvenating the eyelids for a more youthful look.
• Rhinoplasty: Aims to reshape the nose for both aesthetic and functional purposes.

Body Contouring:

• Liposuction: Removes excess fat from specific areas, improving body proportions.
• Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty): Tightens abdominal muscles and removes excess skin for a firmer midsection.
• Breast Augmentation/Reduction: Enhances or reduces breast size to achieve desired proportions.

Breast Reconstruction: Following mastectomy, breast reconstruction can restore a sense of normalcy and confidence for breast cancer survivors.

Non-Surgical Procedures:

• Botox and Dermal Fillers: Minimally invasive treatments to reduce wrinkles and add volume to the face.
• Chemical Peels and Microdermabrasion: Improve skin texture and reduce imperfections.

Steps to Prepare for Plastic Surgery

Here are essential steps to prepare for plastic surgery, making the process as easy and seamless as possible:

• Consultation and Goal Setting: Schedule a consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon. Discuss your goals, concerns, and expectations for the procedure. A skilled surgeon will provide honest feedback and help set realistic expectations.
• Medical Evaluation and Pre-Operative Planning: Your surgeon will conduct a thorough medical evaluation to ensure you're a suitable candidate for the procedure. They will provide pre-operative instructions, including any necessary dietary or medication adjustments.
• Create a Comfortable Recovery Space: Prepare your home for post-operative care. Stock up on essentials, arrange a comfortable resting area, and have necessary supplies like wound dressings and medications readily available.
• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Leading up to the surgery, focus on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and engaging in light exercise can help optimize your body's ability to heal. Avoiding excessive alcohol and tobacco is also crucial for a smooth recovery.
• Assemble a Post-Surgery Care Kit: Gather supplies that will aid in your post-surgery care. This may include wound care supplies, pain medications (as prescribed), comfortable clothing, and any recommended compression garments. Having these items readily available will make your recovery more comfortable and convenient.
• Follow Pre-Surgery Guidelines: Adhere to all pre-surgery instructions provided by your surgeon. This may include fasting, avoiding certain medications, and refraining from smoking.

Anticipated Outcomes

The outcome of plastic surgery can vary depending on the procedure and individual factors. However, with proper preparation and a skilled surgeon, you can anticipate:

• Improved Aesthetics: Plastic surgery can enhance your physical appearance, leading to increased confidence and a more positive self-image.
• Enhanced Quality of Life: Procedures that address physical discomfort or improve functionality (e.g., breast reduction, rhinoplasty) can significantly enhance your overall quality of life.
• Long-lasting Results: While some procedures may require maintenance, the results of plastic surgery are generally long-lasting, providing enduring benefits.

Conclusion

Preparing for plastic surgery involves careful planning, open communication with your surgeon, and a commitment to follow pre-operative guidelines. The benefits extend beyond physical appearance, encompassing improved confidence, enhanced physical health, and a renewed outlook on life. By approaching the process with diligence and with
 realistic expectations, you can achieve optimal results and embark on a journey toward greater self-assurance and well-being at Sakra World Hospital, a renowned center for plastic surgery in India.

Understanding the Risks and Benefits of Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery has gained immense popularity in recent years, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their appearance and improve their self-esteem. Whether it's a nose job, breast augmentation, or a facelift, people are increasingly turning to these procedures to achieve their desired aesthetic goals. However, like any medical intervention, plastic surgery comes with its own set of risks and benefits that individuals must carefully consider before undergoing a procedure.

Benefits of Plastic Surgery

Here are some plastic surgery benefits:

• Enhanced Self-Confidence: One of the primary benefits of plastic surgery is its ability to boost self-esteem and self-confidence. Many individuals choose procedures such as breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, or liposuction to address physical features they are unhappy with. Achieving the desired appearance can have a profound impact on a person's self-perception and overall confidence.
• Improved Physical Health: Some plastic surgery procedures offer not only aesthetic but also health benefits. For example, breast reduction surgery can alleviate chronic back and neck pain, while rhinoplasty can enhance breathing by correcting structural issues.
• Rejuvenated Appearance: Procedures like facelifts and Botox injections can help individuals look younger by reducing the signs of aging. These treatments can help restore a more youthful appearance and improve self-image.
• Correcting Congenital Defects: Plastic surgery can correct congenital abnormalities, such as cleft lips and palates, allowing individuals to lead healthier and more fulfilling lives.
• Weight Loss Support: Bariatric surgery, a type of plastic surgery, can aid in substantial weight loss for individuals struggling with obesity, leading to improved overall health.

Risks and Considerations

• Unrealistic Expectations: Unrealistic expectations can lead to dissatisfaction with the results of plastic surgery. It's crucial for patients to have a clear understanding of what is achievable and to communicate openly with their surgeons about their goals.
• Emotional Impact: While plastic surgery can improve self-confidence, it can also have an emotional impact, especially if the desired results are not achieved. Patients should be prepared for the emotional ups and downs that can accompany the recovery process.
• Financial Costs: Plastic surgery can be expensive, and many procedures are not covered by insurance. Patients need to consider the financial aspects and plan accordingly.

Choosing the Right Surgeon

Selecting a qualified and experienced plastic surgeon is critical to minimizing risks and achieving the desired results. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing a surgeon:

• Credentials: Ensure the surgeon is board-certified and has the necessary training and qualifications in the specific procedure you are interested in.
• Experience: Research the surgeon's experience with the particular procedure, including their before-and-after photos and patient reviews.
• Communication: A good surgeon should be an effective communicator who listens to your concerns, explains the procedure thoroughly, and sets realistic expectations.
• Facility Accreditation: Verify that the surgical facility is accredited and meets all safety standards.
• Consultation: Schedule a consultation with the surgeon to discuss your goals, concerns, and any questions you may have.

Conclusion

Plastic surgery can offer numerous benefits, from enhancing self-confidence to improving physical health and correcting congenital defects. However, it also carries risks and considerations that should not be overlooked. Choosing the right plastic surgery in Bangalore at Sakra World Hospital with the best surgeons is essential for a positive plastic surgery experience. Ultimately, the decision to undergo plastic surgery should be made after careful consideration of both the potential benefits and risks involved.

The Latest Advances in Plastic Surgery Technology

Plastic surgery has come a long way since its inception, and recent advances in technology have taken the field to new heights. These innovations have not only made procedures safer and more effective, but they have also opened up new possibilities for patients seeking to enhance their appearance. Now, you can visit and get a consultation with a surgeon on plastic surgery in Bangalore to know more about the latest modern plastic surgery technology.

Here, are some of the latest advances in plastic surgery technology:

3D Imaging and Printing

One of the most significant advances in plastic surgery technology has been the use of 3D imaging and printing. With 3D imaging, surgeons can create a digital model of a patient's body, allowing them to visualize the outcome of the surgery before it takes place. This technology is particularly useful for complex procedures, such as facial reconstruction, where precise measurements and planning are critical.

Moreover, 3D printing has revolutionized the field of plastic surgery by allowing surgeons to create customized implants and prosthetics that fit perfectly to a patient's body. This technology has been particularly useful in breast reconstruction, where customized implants can provide a more natural look and feel than traditional implants.

Virtual Reality

Virtual reality (VR) technology has also made its way into the field of plastic surgery, allowing patients to "try on" different procedures before undergoing surgery. With VR technology, patients can see what they would look like after a particular procedure, allowing them to make a more informed decision about whether to undergo surgery. Additionally, VR technology can be useful in patient education, allowing patients to better understand the process and potential outcomes of a procedure.

Advanced Imaging Techniques

Advanced imaging techniques, such as CT scans and MRIs, are being used more frequently in plastic surgery. These imaging techniques allow surgeons to get a better look at the patient’s anatomy and identify potential issues before surgery. In addition, they can be used to monitor patients after surgery to ensure that they are healing properly.

Non-invasive Procedures

Non-invasive procedures, such as injectables and laser treatments, are becoming increasingly popular in the field of plastic surgery. These procedures can be performed in a clinic or office setting and do not require general anaesthesia or significant downtime. For example, injectable fillers can be used to plump up lips or fill in wrinkles, while laser treatments can be used to remove unwanted hair or reduce the appearance of scars.

Regenerative Medicine

Finally, regenerative medicine has also made significant advances in the field of plastic surgery. Stem cell therapy, for example, has shown promise in regenerating tissue, allowing for more natural-looking results in procedures such as breast reconstruction. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been used in combination with other procedures, such as facelifts, to enhance results and speed up recovery times.

In conclusion, the latest advances in plastic surgery technology have opened up new possibilities for patients seeking to enhance their appearance. From 3D imaging and printing to non-surgical procedures, robotic surgery, virtual reality, and regenerative medicine, these innovations have made procedures safer, more effective, and more precise than ever before. As technology continues to evolve, it's likely that we'll see even more exciting advancements in the field of plastic surgery in the years to come. Sakra World Hospital has the best plastic surgery technology and has an eminent team of top plastic surgeon in Bangalore who specialize in various types of plastic surgeries.

Keeping Your Skin Healthy After a Cosmetic Surgery Procedure

Opting for cosmetic surgery is a significant step towards enhancing the appearance and health of your skin. To ensure a quick recovery and optimal outcomes, it's crucial to provide special attention and care to your skin in the initial days and weeks after the surgery. You can visit a plastic surgeon in Bangalore to get a consultation on the do’s and don’ts of cosmetic surgery aftercare.

Cosmetic surgery is a type of medical procedure that is performed to enhance a person's appearance or correct physical abnormalities. It is also known as plastic surgery, and it can be performed on different parts of the body, such as the face, neck, breasts, abdomen, and thighs.

Some of the most common cosmetic surgeries include breast augmentation, rhinoplasty (nose surgery), liposuction (removing fat from the body), tummy tuck, and facelifts. It can also include non-surgical procedures like Botox injections, dermal fillers, and chemical peels.

Ways to Keep Your Skin Healthy After a Cosmetic Surgery Procedure

Cosmetic surgery procedures can be a great way to improve your appearance and boost your self-confidence. However, it's important to take care of your skin after the procedure to ensure that you achieve the best results. Here are some tips to keep your skin healthy after a cosmetic surgery procedure:

Follow post-operative instructions
Your surgeon will provide you with detailed post-operative instructions that you should follow carefully. These instructions may include using prescribed ointments, avoiding certain activities, and taking prescribed medication.

Stay hydrated
Drinking plenty of water is essential for keeping your skin healthy after a cosmetic surgery procedure. It helps to flush out toxins and promotes healing.

Avoid picking scabs
No matter how tempted you feel, don’t pick on your scabs or try to peel your skin. The chances of scarring and infection increase when you pick at your skin. 

Avoid makeup
It is advised to avoid wearing makeup for a few days after your procedure until the skin is completely healed. Keeping your skin hydrated will speed up the healing process. Once your skin heals, you can use mineral makeup as it is gentler on the skin. However, make sure that you remove your makeup properly and wash up at the end of the day.

Protect your skin from the sun
Sun exposure can cause skin damage, which can lead to scarring and discolouration. Avoid exposure to the sun, especially during peak hours, and wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves, hats, and sunglasses. Additionally, use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 when you are outdoors.

Treat your bruises
Appling ice or cold compresses on your bruises for the first few hours can help in reducing inflammation and soothe the skin. 

Moisturize regularly
Keeping your skin hydrated is essential after a cosmetic surgery procedure. Use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer to keep your skin soft and supple.

Avoid smoking
Smoking can interfere with the healing process, leading to delayed healing, infections, and other complications. If you smoke, it's essential to quit smoking for a while after your surgery.

Stay active
Exercise can help improve blood flow and promote healing after surgery. However, you should avoid strenuous activities until you get the green light from your surgeon.

Eat a healthy diet
Eating a healthy diet rich in nutrients is essential for keeping your skin healthy. Be sure to include plenty of fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains in your diet.

Even without a cosmetic procedure, here are some basic skincare tips that can help you maintain healthy and radiant skin:

• Cleanse your face twice a day
• Exfoliate regularly
• Moisturize your skin
• Protect your skin using sunscreen
• Stay hydrated
• Get enough sleep
• Eat a healthy diet

In conclusion, following your surgeon's post-operative instructions and the tips mentioned above are essential for keeping your skin healthy after cosmetic surgery. Sakra World Hospital, a plastic surgery hospital in Bangalore has an eminent team of plastic surgeons who specialize in various types of cosmetic surgeries.

7 Essential Things to Know Before Going for a Hair Transplant

Hair loss is a concern for a lot of people and has become a leading cause of stress for many, especially pattern baldness in men and women. While there are some home remedies and dietary supplements to control hair loss, extreme cases require medical intervention like a hair transplant. 

A hair transplant is a surgical procedure in which hair follicles are removed from one part of the scalp and transplanted to another part of the scalp where there is thinning or balding. It is typically performed to restore hair growth in individuals who have experienced hair loss or balding due to genetics or aging. It is an effective solution for those who suffer from hair loss and it is a permanent and long-lasting way to restore hair growth. 

The need for a hair transplant can vary from person to person and can be influenced by factors such as the extent of hair loss, personal appearance goals, and individual preferences. Some people may opt for a hair transplant to feel more confident, while others may do it to restore a more youthful appearance. The decision to undergo a hair transplant is a personal choice and can be made after careful consideration and consultation with the best hair transplant surgeon in Bangalore. Before opting for a hair transplant, you must understand the procedure and what you can expect. Here are some essential things to know before undergoing a hair transplant.

A Hair transplant is a Surgical Procedure

A hair transplant is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of hair follicles from the donor area and transplanting them to the recipient area. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, and the transplanted hair follicles will grow in the new location.

Age is a factor

Hair transplantation is the most successful in individuals who are over the age of 25, as hair loss in younger people may continue and affect the final result. It's also important to consider that hair transplant results are not immediate and can take several months to fully develop, so it's important to consider the long-term effects of hair loss and the timeline for results when deciding if a hair transplant is the right option.

The Transplanted Hair is Permanent

The transplanted hair is typically permanent where the transplanted hair follicles are genetically programmed to grow hair in their new location, and the hair usually grows just like the hair that was originally in that area.

Results take time to show

The transplanted hair will take time to grow, and it may take up to 12 months for the final results to be visible. The transplanted hair will shed initially and start growing again within a few months. It is important to be patient and wait for the final results.

Safe procedure but may have some side effects 

A hair transplant is a safe procedure, but like all surgical procedures, it does have some potential side effects. The most common side effects include swelling, redness, itching, and pain around the transplant site. But not to worry, these side effects typically resolve within a few days.

Cost of the Procedure

The cost of the hair transplant procedure will depend on the extent of the procedure and the hospital. You can research the cost of the procedure before opting for a hair transplant. Also, you can consult with a doctor to know the exact procedure and its cost that caters to your hair needs. 

Choosing a reputable hair transplant clinic

Choosing a reputable hair transplant clinic or hospital is vital to ensure that you receive high-quality care and achieve the desired results. You can research the clinic and the doctor performing the procedure, and look for reviews and testimonials from previous patients.

In conclusion, a hair transplant is a long-lasting solution for those who suffer from hair loss and baldness. However, before undergoing the procedure, it is important to understand the process, the potential side effects, and the cost of the procedure. The transplanted hair will take time to grow, but the final results will be worth the wait. You can visit Sakra World Hospital, the best hair transplant hospital in Bangalore for all your hair needs.

Gender Identity Disorder - Causes & Treatment

Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is a mental health condition in which a person experiences significant distress due to a mismatch between their gender identity and their biological sex. This can result in feelings of discomfort, anxiety, and depression, and can greatly impact a person's daily life. Individuals looking for gender reassignment can consult with a plastic surgeon in Bangalore to learn more about the available treatments. This article will explore the symptoms and causes of this condition and how it can be diagnosed and treated.

Symptoms of Gender Identity Disorder

The most common symptom is a strong and persistent feeling that a person is a different gender than the one they were at birth. This may involve feelings of discomfort with their own body and a desire to alter their physical appearance to align with their gender identity. The person may also experience anxiety, depression, and social isolation due to their gender identity discrepancy.

Adults with GID may experience similar symptoms, but may also experience additional stress related to the social stigma and discrimination they face in society. This can result in difficulty in forming and maintaining relationships, difficulty at work or school, and a sense of being disconnected from their own body and identity.

Causes of Gender Identity Disorder

The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It is also known as Gender Dysphoria.

• Biological factors may include differences in the structure or function of the brain, hormonal imbalances, or genetic predispositions. Some research has suggested that differences in brain structure or function may play a role but more research is needed to fully understand the biological basis of the condition.
• Environmental factors, such as childhood experiences and societal attitudes, may also play a role in the development of this condition. Children who grow up in environments that are not supportive of their gender identity may experience distress and anxiety and also struggle to develop a positive self-image.
• Psychological factors, such as trauma, abuse, or neglect, can also contribute to the development of gender identity disorder. These experiences may result in feelings of disconnection from one's own body and may contribute to the development of gender dysphoria.

Diagnosis and Treatment

This condition is diagnosed by mental health professionals using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. The treatment involves a combination of individual therapy and medical interventions. There are two treatment options available for this condition -

• Individual Therapy
• Medical Intervention like hormone therapy or surgery

In therapy, individuals with GID can work with a mental health professional to explore their gender identity and address any related psychological issues.

Medical interventions for GID may include hormone therapy to alter their physical appearance, and gender-affirming surgery to remove or alter reproductive organs or other physical characteristics. These interventions can help individuals feel more comfortable in their own bodies and reduce gender dysphoria.

Surgery is one of the options available for those who wish to physically alter their body to match their gender identity. This can include a variety of procedures, such as chest reconstruction for transgender men, genital reconstruction for transgender women, and other procedures like facial feminization or masculinization. However, not all individuals with Gender Dysphoria choose to have surgery and there is no one-size-fits-all approach.

The goal of gender reassignment surgery is to help individuals align their physical appearance with their gender identity and reduce gender dysphoria.

Some of the procedures may include:

• Chest surgery (mastectomy or chest reconstruction)
• Genital surgery (vaginoplasty, phalloplasty, or metoidioplasty)
• Hysterectomy or oophorectomy (removal of reproductive organs)
• Body contouring (fat removal or fat grafting)
• Facial feminization or masculinization surgery

It is important for people to carefully consider their available options before opting for any treatment. The decision to pursue medical interventions or surgery is a personal choice and can be made in consultation with a doctor at Sakra World Hospital who specializes in plastic surgery in Bangalore.

Signs You Need A Breast Implant Revision

After undergoing breast surgery, there may be instances that can cause damage to the implants and this would require immediate treatment like a breast implant revision. The damage may be due to trauma or injury to the chest area, capsular contracture, rupture of the implant, or implant deflation. Hence, it is important to have regular check-ups with a plastic surgeon to monitor the condition of your implants and detect any potential issues early on. You can visit one of our best plastic surgeon in Bangalore to get a thorough check-up.

Breast surgery is a cosmetic procedure performed on the breasts for a variety of reasons, like cosmetic enhancement, reconstruction after mastectomy, and also the treatment of medical conditions such as breast cancer or benign breast diseases. Some of the cosmetic procedures include breast augmentation, breast lift, breast reduction, and breast reconstruction. 

What is Breast Implant Revision?

Breast implant revision is a surgical procedure performed to correct or improve the results of a previous breast augmentation procedure. This procedure can involve removing, replacing, or repositioning the existing implants or addressing issues related to the implants.

Breast implant revision can be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the revision. The surgical technique will depend on the specific needs of the patient and the goals of the revision.

Signs That Indicate The Need For A Breast Implant Revision

The following are some common signs that may indicate the need for a breast implant revision:

Changes in the appearance of the breasts: Over time, the shape and position of the implants may change due to factors such as aging, weight changes, or pregnancy. A breast implant revision can help to restore the desired appearance.

Implant ruptures or leaks: Breast implants can rupture or leak over time, leading to changes in the appearance and feel of the breasts. This treatment may be necessary to remove the damaged implant and replace it with a new one.

Capsular contracture: Capsular contracture is a condition in which scar tissue forms around the implant, causing it to become hard and painful. A breast implant revision can remove the scar tissue and improve the appearance and feel of the breasts.

Implant displacement: After a period of time, the implant may shift or move from its original position, causing asymmetry or an unnatural appearance. A breast implant revision can help to reposition the implant and restore a more natural appearance.

Persistent pain or discomfort: If the implants are causing constant pain or discomfort, a breast implant revision is necessary to remove or replace the implants or to correct underlying issues such as capsular contracture.

What is the goal of a Breast Implant Revision?

The goals of a breast implant revision can vary, depending on the individual's needs. Some common reasons for a breast implant revision include:

• Replacing damaged or ruptured implants
• Correcting asymmetry or unnatural appearance
• Improving the feel of the breasts
• Relieving pain or discomfort associated with the implants
• Updating the appearance of the breasts after weight changes, aging, or pregnancy

Recovery Time

Recovery from a breast implant revision typically takes several weeks, during which the patient may experience some pain, swelling, and bruising. It is important to follow the post-operative instructions provided by the plastic surgeon to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.

How to properly maintain breast implants?

To maintain breast implants, it is recommended to:

• Follow a healthy lifestyle, including eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise
• Maintain a healthy weight, as significant weight gain or weight loss, can affect the appearance of your breasts.
• Avoid smoking, as it can decrease blood flow to the breasts and increase the risk of complications.
• Wear supportive clothing to avoid the sagging of breasts.
• Avoid exposing your breasts to intense heat, such as sunbathing or hot tubs, for long periods of time.
• Avoid activities that put pressure on your chest, such as high-impact sports or heavy lifting, as this can cause damage to your implants.
• Schedule regular check-ups with your plastic surgeon to monitor the condition of your implants and detect any potential issues early on.

It is also important to remember that breast implants are not lifetime devices and may need to be replaced or removed at some point in the future.

Before deciding to proceed with a breast implant revision, it is important to discuss the options with a qualified and experienced plastic surgeon at Sakra World Hospital, the best plastic surgery hospital in Bangalore, and to have a clear understanding of the potential risks and benefits. As with any surgical procedure, it is important to follow the pre-operative and post-operative instructions provided by the surgeon to minimize the risk of complications and achieve the best possible outcome.

Jaw Surgery Or Orthognathic Surgery: A Part Of Craniofacial And Plastic Surgery

Jaw surgery or Orthognathic surgery is a part of Craniofacial and Plastic surgery where the bones of the upper or lower jaw or both are moved to either realign the position of teeth or improve the appearance of the face.

The main specialists involved in orthognathic surgery:

• Craniofacial & Plastic surgeon

• Orthodontist

• Speech pathologist

Common reasons to undergo Orthognathic surgery:

1. To correct malocclusion of teeth – There are many types of malocclusion. It could be where the upper teeth are far ahead of lower teeth which are commonly referred to as ‘Overbite’. It could be where the lower teeth are far ahead of upper teeth which are commonly referred to as ‘Underbite’. There could be a gap between the upper and lower teeth which is commonly referred to as ‘Open bite’.

2. To improve the appearance of face – Most commonly people seek orthognathic surgery for facial deformities like ‘Dish face’ where the upper jaw is far behind the lower jaw, ‘Weak chin’ where the lower jaw is far behind the upper jaw, ‘Strong chin’ where the lower jaw is far ahead of the upper jaw causing a masculine appearance in a female patient etc.

3. To improve the smile – People who have ‘Gummy smile’, ‘Excessive teeth show’ etc. also benefit from orthognathic surgery.

4. Cleft lip and palate deformities – People with cleft lip and palate usually have a ‘Dish face’ deformity and benefit tremendously from orthognathic surgery.

5. To improve snoring and sleep apnoea – People with snoring and sleep apnoea issues who have failed all previous medical and surgical management can potentially benefit from orthognathic surgery.

Investigations required prior to Orthognathic surgery:

X-ray Lateral Cephalogram – This is an X-ray of the facial bones showing the profile view of the patient. This helps in assessing the actual deformity (Bony and soft tissue).

CT scan, Virtual surgical planning, Splints and 3D models – CT scans of the facial bones are taken and then surgical planning is carried out online with special software which helps the surgeon in planning the actual cuts on the bone, moving the bones to the right position and then fixing the bone with plates and screws. Surgical splints and 3D models are also prepared using virtual surgical planning. 

Speech assessment – Moving the jawbones can have an impact on speech and hence a speech assessment before surgery and possible speech therapy after surgery will help in optimizing the result.
Routine blood tests before anaesthesia.

Approaches in Orthognathic surgery:

Orthodontics first approach – This will involve the application of braces and orthodontic dental treatment for a period of 6 months to 1 year followed by surgery. During the orthodontic treatment period, all the compensations of the teeth that are present due to the malocclusion are removed (Decompensation). During this period, you may notice that the deformity of the teeth is getting worsened, but in reality, it is just going back to where it is supposed to be. And once the surgery is done, the alignment of teeth will be normal. Some amount of orthodontic treatment is sometimes required even after surgery.
Surgery first approach – Here the jaw surgery is done first. It is then followed by orthodontic treatment for 6 months to 1 year.
Both approaches are available at Sakra World Hospital.

Types of surgeries:

1. Lefort I osteotomy – In this operation, cuts are made in the upper jaw (maxilla) and the bone is moved forwards, backwards, upwards or downwards depending upon the deformity and then fixed with titanium plates and screws in the new position.

2. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible (BSSO) – In this operation, cuts are made in the lower jaw (mandible) and the bone is moved forwards, backwards, sideways or rotated upwards depending on the deformity and then fixed with titanium plates and screws in the new position. 

3. Double jaw surgery – It is a combination of the above procedures which involves surgery on both maxilla and mandible. 

4. Genioplasty – In this operation, cuts are made in the chin (central) region of the lower jaw and the bone moved forwards, backwards, upwards or downwards depending upon the deformity. 

All surgeries involve cuts on the inside of the mouth, which means ‘NO EXTERNAL SCARS”!

What does the surgery involve?

• Consultation with craniofacial & plastic surgeon, orthodontist and speech pathologist.

• Investigations and planning – Takes 4-5 days for surgical planning and preparation of splints and models.

• Admission on the day of surgery.

• Blood tests and reserving blood for blood transfusion.

• Surgery 2-3 hours under general anaesthesia.

• Recovery room 2-3 hours.

• One night ICU stay which might also involve blood transfusions. ICU stay is for monitoring of the airway and breathing issues.

• Shifted to ward and ward stay for 2-3 days.

• Rubber bands applied to braces.

• Discharge 

• Soft or semi-solid diet for 3 weeks.

• Follow up with Craniofacial & plastic surgeon, orthodontist and speech pathologist.

• Return to normal activities after 1 week. Strenuous physical activity after 6 weeks.

Complications expected:

• Orthognathic surgery is very safe with the best surgical and anaesthetic practices. In spite of all safety measures, there might be a few complications which need to be understood by the patient.

• Blood loss – Blood transfusion is sometimes required.

• Breathing difficulties – ICU stay for one night is advised to monitor breathing issues.

• Infection – Very rare to have infections due to titanium plates and screws. In case there is an event like that, the plates and screws can be removed easily.

• Swelling and bruising – The patient will have a lot of swelling and bruising in the first 48 hours. The swelling and bruising will slowly reduce over a period and completely disappear by 6 weeks’ time.

• Numbness and paraesthesia of lips – Some amount of numbness and altered sensation on the lips are present due to impact on the nerves due to surgery. This is usually temporary. In a worst-case scenario, it can take 1-2 years for the sensations to come back.

• Loss of tooth – Due to loss of blood supply to the teeth. In such cases, dental rehabilitation is required. This is also a very rare complication.

Whom to contact for further questions?

• Dr Rajendra S Gujjalanavar – Rajendra.sg@sakraworldhospital.com 

• Dr Vybhav Deraje – Vybhav.deraje@sakraworldhospital.com

Craniofacial Surgery

What is Craniofacial surgery?

Craniofacial surgery is a branch of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery which specifically deals with the correction of deformities of the face and skull.

What conditions are treated by Craniofacial surgery?

1. Craniosynostosis - Nonsyndromic (Metopic, Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid, Multisuture) and syndromic (Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Muenke, Saethre-Chotzen)

2. Facial clefts - Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Cleft lip and palate, Submucous cleft palate, Rare facial clefts

3. Craniofacial trauma - Facial and skull fractures, injuries

4. Vascular anomalies - Haemangiomas, arterial and venous malformations, AV malformations, Lymphangiomas

5. Jaw deformities (Orthognathic surgery) - Overbite, Underbite, Crossbite, Small chin, Flatface

6. Cosmetic - Rhinoplasty, Blepharoplasty, Facelift, Necklift, Prominent ear correction, Hair transplant, Filler and Botox

7. Head and neck cancer reconstruction

8. Facial palsy

9. Snoring and Obstructive sleep apnoea

10. Other conditions - Neurofibroma, Encephalocoeles, Fibrous dysplasia, Craniofacial microsomia, Romberg's disease, Dermoids

Who are the doctors involved in craniofacial surgery? Does Sakra World Hospital have all the specialists required?

1. Craniofacial surgery is teamwork. The specialists involved in Craniofacial surgery are:

2. Craniofacial & Plastic surgeon

3. Neurosurgeon

4. Ophthalmologist

5. ENT surgeon

6. Dentist & Orthodontist

7. Speech pathologist

8. Paediatric & Neuro anaesthetist

9. Paediatrician

10. Neuropsychiatrist

11. Specialist Plastic surgery nurse

All the above specialists are available at Sakra World Hospital and work in a coordinated manner to provide the best services to you and your children.

Is Craniofacial and cleft surgery safe in children?

Yes. Cleft and craniofacial surgery are absolutely safe in children due to advances in Anaesthetic practices, well organized Paediatric and Neuro Anaesthesia teams and excellent Paediatric ICU services. These surgeries can be done in babies as young as 3 months of age onwards.Plastic surgery consultants

What options are available to treat Craniosynostosis (premature fusion of growth plates of the skull)?

Sakra World hospital is a pioneer in minimally invasive or keyhole surgery for Craniosynostosis. All children who present to us below the age of 6 months are offered minimally invasive (keyhole) endoscope- assisted surgery followed by helmet therapy. Children above 6 months of age are offered open surgery for remodelling of the skull. The advantages of minimally invasive procedures are smaller scar, shorter stay in the hospital, lesser need for blood transfusion, shorter operation and quick recovery.

How many surgeries does a cleft lip and palate baby need and when?

Typically, the cleft lip operation is done at 3-6 months of age. The cleft palate surgery is done at 9-12 months of age. Alveolar bone grafting to the upper jaw is done at 9-10 years of age. Jaw surgery to correct jaw deformities followed by rhinoplasty and touch up procedures are done at adolescence (14-18 years of age). Some children might require additional procedures like surgery to correct speech issues, ventilation tube insertion to ears and dental extractions.

How many days do I need to stay in the hospital for Facial Cosmetic procedures?

Most of the cosmetic procedures can be done as Daycare procedures. In some cases, you might need to stay overnight depending on convenience. 

Will I have pain during and after Craniofacial surgery?

Most surgeries are done under safe general anaesthesia and you will not experience any pain during the procedure. After your procedure, our acute pain service team will make sure that you are on the right pain killer to alleviate any pain issues.

What is the recovery time after Craniofacial surgery?

It depends on the type of procedure you have undergone. But generally, if you have undergone a daycare procedure, the recovery time is short and you might be able to go back to normal activities in a couple of days time. Please ask our specialists for procedure-specific downtime.

How safe will my surgery be? And what about the privacy of my data and pictures?

Sakra World Hospital is a NABH accredited hospital and adheres to all the safety and quality guidelines prescribed by the board. Your data and pictures will be confidential and no part of it will be shared or displayed in the public domain without the written consent from you.

I have a few questions. Whom do I address it to?

Our Plastic surgery consultants are happy to address any of your questions and concerns. You can call them on their phone numbers during working hours (0900-1600). You can also email them any queries and they will get back to you as soon as possible.

Dr. Rajendra S Gujjalanavar - Ph No +919986447732 -Email rajendra.SG@sakraworldhospital.com

Tendon Transfer Surgery, Puts Commander From Yemen Back on His Feet

Mr. Mohammed Saeed Ahmed from Yemen is a 42-year-old man who is the principal of the local high school.  He was a history teacher prior to his appointment as the headmaster.  He became the commander of the people in Yemen when the Civil War broke out in Yemen in 2015. The Yemeni Civil War is an ongoing conflict that began in 2015 between two factions claiming to constitute the Yemen government, along with their supporters and allies. Mr. Ahmed helped the people of his town defend their land acquisitions and it was during the process that he was shot in the spine.  He was bound to a wheel chair and was unable to undergo treatment because of the ongoing war in the country. 

He came to India in the hopes for treatment in 2016 and visited two top hospitals in India, both of whom were speculative in treating his condition effectively.  He came to Sakra World Hospital in the month of September 2016 and post consultation with Surgeons team at Sakra World Hospital lead by Dr. Maheswarappa B.M. Head of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine along with Dr Derick Mendonca, Head of Plastic Surgery, he was reassured of the treatment.  Post his surgery on the 9^th of September, Mr. Ahmed underwent extensive physiotherapy sessions which has now enabled him to walk on his own once again. 

Mr. Ahmed is extremely grateful to the doctors, nurses, and staff at Sakra Hospital for the constant support and care during his treatment.  He speaks highly of the international patients’ cell of the hospital, for helping him with translators which made caregiving simpler. 

“I was told by many that my condition was permanent and that I shall never again be able to stand on my own feet.  But in this age and time, I knew that there would be a cure for my condition. Dr. Maheswarappa and Dr. Derick at Sarka World Hospital showed me the ray of hope and it is with the help of the team at Sakra and God Almighty that I am once again back on my feet.  I cannot express my gratitude to them in words.” said, Mr. Mohammed Saeed Ahmed

I conducted the operation three months ago, during which we rearranged the tendons in his foot. The surgery is suggested to patients suffering from nerve damage,” said Dr. Mendonca, senior consultant, plastic surgery, Sakra World Hospital.

Post-surgery, Mohammed was tended to by the physical medicine department. Dr Maheshwarappa BM, senior consultant and head of physical medicine rehabilitation and sports medicine, said: “He has been undergoing physiotherapy for three months.” He will return home soon.

As published in The Times Of India on 20th Jan 2017

 

Rhinoplasty

What is Rhinoplasty? 

Often known as the “Nose Job”, rhinoplasty is a plastic surgery procedure which involves reshaping, resizing or reconstruction of the nose in order to either enhance esthetics or restore the form and function of the nose.

What does a Rhinoplasty procedure do?

Rhinoplasty involves correction of:

 

1. Length of the nose
2. Width of the nose
3. A deformity in the tip or bridge of the nose, like drooping tip or visible humps and depressions in the bridge of the nose
4. Shape of the nostrils
5. Nasal blocks due to septal deviation
6. Correction of irregular dorsum e. g. Humps/ deviations
7. Nasal asymmetry
8. Obstruction in airway or breathing
9. Congenital deformities

Types of Rinoplasty

• Reduction Rhinoplasty - this type of rhinoplasty is primarily to alter the size of the nose, correction of the width of the nose or a bridge bump, or altering the nostril size and shape to bring them in proportion to the rest of the face.
• Augmentation Rhinoplasty – this type involves increasing the dimensions of the nose by adding structural material or grafts for aesthetic and functional enhancement purposes. 
• Post-traumatic Rhinoplasty – as the name suggests, this type deals with the post-traumatic deformities of the nose, like deviation, asymmetry or even obstruction in airway and breathing. 
• Ethnic Rhinoplasty - The Ethnic Rhinoplasty takes into consideration the particular nasal characteristics based on the patient’s ethnicity. In a way, all of the rhinoplasties can be considered as ethnic rhinoplasties as special care is always taken towards maintaining the ethnic features of the face while correcting any kind of nasal deformity.

Who is the right candidate for a Rhinoplasty?

A person can be considered as an ideal candidate for Rhinoplasty if he/she has:

1. Good general health 
2. Full-grown facial features, except for cases where breathing is impaired and in trauma cases.
3. Any breathing or airway problems
4. Any kind of aesthetic nasal deformity 
5. Realistic expectations from the cosmetic treatment

Who is the right person to perform a Rhinoplasty?

A perfect rhinoplasty is said to be done when post-surgery, people know there is an appealing change but are unable to point at the actual spot. Such an outcome is possible only when surgery is performed by the right person.

A cosmetic surgeon, who has the essential qualification, knowledge, acumen and experience for doing such a technique-sensitive surgery is the ideal person to put one’s trust in. It is not a piece of wardrobe that one can discard if it does not look good. One can play with clothes and colors but not with body parts. 

Pre-surgery precautions

A rhinoplasty must always be considered as any other surgery of the body and requires similar precautions and care from the doctor as well as the patient.

The patient must explain his expectations clearly to the doctor but at the same time keep them realistic.

The preparation for this surgery will also require a complete medical history, examination and essential investigations to be conducted.

Photographs may be taken to assessment of existing facial features and comparison post operatively.

Cessation of all certain medication and smoking will be required at least 4 weeks prior to the surgery.

The procedure

• An average procedure takes 2-3 hours except complex or multiple surgeries which may take longer.
• It can be done using local or general anesthesia.
• Generally done as an OPD/ Daycare procedure but may occasionally require hospitalization for a day. 
• Rhinoplasty can be done as an open procedure where the incision is made outside of the nose across the columella or a closed procedure where the incision hides inside the nose. The incision helps to raise the skin over the nasal bone and cartilage to have access to the desired location that requires alteration.
• Depending on the desired result, some bone and cartilage may be removed, or tissue may be added (either from another part of the body or using a synthetic filler). After the surgeon has rearranged and reshaped the bone and cartilage, the skin and tissue is closed over the structure of the nose. A splint is placed outside the nose to support the new shape of the nose as it heals.

   

Risks involved in Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty carries the same risks as any other surgery. Bleeding, infection, and reactions to medications or anesthesia are possible side effects of rhinoplasty surgery. Rarely one might need a second procedure at some point in the future to rearrange the tissues this is especially true in cleft deformities corrected at younger age as the nose tends to grow with age.

What to expect after surgery?

Similar to any other surgery, rhinoplasty also requires good post op care. Generally it takes about 2 weeks to heal completely even though the patient can resume his daily activities within 4-5 days. 

Mild pain, and discomfort is common after the surgery and can be controlled by medication.. Black eyes are not unusual especially after bony reshaping. 

Swelling and discoloration in the operated area can remain for few days which can be minimized with cold compression. 

Liposuction

What is Liposuction? 

Liposuction is an invasive surgical procedure done primarily to improve the body contours and proportion by removing excess fat deposits between the skin and muscle. The focus areas usually involve tummy, hips, thighs and arms which are often resistant to diet and exercise.

What does a Liposuction procedure do?

Liposuction techniques may be used to reduce localized fat deposits of the:

1. Thighs
2. Hips and buttocks
3. Abdomen and waist
4. Upper arms
5. Back
6. Inner knee
7. Chest area
8. Cheeks, chin and neck
9. Calves and ankles

The main aim of the procedure is to reshape the problem areas of the body as mentioned above, and not merely to reduce weight. In men these areas mostly include the waist and back and outer thighs and hips for women.
Apart from this, liposuction is also used in treating some medical conditions like:

1. Lipomas - Benign fatty tumors 
2. Abnormal enlargement of the male breasts (gynecomastia or pseudogynecomastia)
3. Metabolic disorders causing deposition of fat in the body

Although, Liposuction is a successful procedure with many positive outcomes both aesthetically and medically, it is important to understand that liposuction does not help in treating obesity, cellulite, stretch marks or sagging skin. It is simply not a substitute for diet and exercise to reduce weight.

Types of Liposuction Techniques

1. Tumescent liposuction. This technique uses a local anesthetic solution containing lidocaine and epinephrine to numb the area where the suction tube is to be inserted and liposuction is done through the traditional approach.
2. Ultrasound-assisted liposuction. This technique uses ultrasound to liquefy the fat, which makes it easier to remove. This technique may be particularly helpful in removing fat from the upper abdomen, sides, and back.
3. Laser-assisted liposuction. This technique uses low-energy waves to liquefy the fat, which is removed through a small cannula.

Who is the right candidate for a Liposuction?

1. Patients with the following conditions are considered to be suitable for this procedure:
2. Area with excess fat resistant to “diet and exercise”
3. Adults within 30% of their ideal weight who have firm, elastic skin and good muscle tone
4. Non-smokers
5. Healthy individuals, without any life-threatening illness or medical conditions that can impair healing
6. Individuals with a positive outlook and specific goals in mind for body contouring
7. Liposuction is equally effective for both men and women

Who is the right person to perform a Liposuction?

The surgeon has to be a qualified and certified cosmetic surgeon and along with good sculpting and suctioning skills for performing flawless liposuction. The result of liposuction depends a lot on the doctor’s experience and acumen in sculpting and suctioning.

The procedure

Liposuction removes fat from your body using suction. During liposuction, small, thin, blunt-tipped hollow tubes called - cannulas are inserted through tiny cuts in the skin. Fat is suctioned out through these tubes using vacuum – a process known as suction assisted liposuction (SAL), as the doctor moves the tubes around under the skin to target specific fat deposits. Often this process can be assisted by a motor in order to oscillate the cannula for dislodging fat and sculpting the area. This is known as power assisted liposuction (PAL). Similarly other techniques involving sound waves or laser etc. may be used for breaking down fat cells.

Risks involved in Liposuction

Liposuction is one of the commonest procedures performed and associated risks are very infrequent. Some of the complications include – bleeding, infection, changes in sensation, scarring, allergic reactions, damage to underlying structures, unsatisfactory results possibly necessitating additional procedures in some cases which is why it is very important to choose a certified plastic surgeon only.

Recovery after Liposuction

Post- surgery, patient is kept in recovery for a few hours before giving discharge. A compression garment is generally worn by the patient to help shrink the skin and aid in healing

Patient must rest and avoid any kind of strenuous work after the surgery except slight activity inside the house for the next few days. Pain, fever, swelling and bruising are common in the postoperative period. Swelling generally subsides within 48 hours.

Breast Augmentation

What is Breast Augmentation?

Breast augmentation also known as Breast Implants or Augmentation Mammoplasty is the surgical enlargement or modification of the breasts either using fat or implants, to increase the size of breasts or restore breast volume that has been lost after weight reduction, pregnancy or due to aging. 

What does a Breast augmentation procedure do?

1. Enhances self-confidence and self-image.
2. Increase fullness and projection of breasts
3. Alters shape or texture of breasts 
4. Breast implants are also used for breast reconstruction after mastectomy or injury

Breast augmentation does not correct severely drooping or sagging breasts, for which a breast lift may be required in conjunction with breast augmentation or separately.

Types of Breast Implants

1. Silicone/Gel
2. Saline
3. Fat 

Who is the right candidate for Breast Augmentation?    

You are a suitable candidate for this procedure if you have:

1. Good general health 
2. Fully developed breasts
3. Asymmetrical breasts
4. Been bothered by the feeling that your breasts are too small
5. Been dissatisfied with your breasts losing shape and volume after pregnancy, weight loss, or with aging
6. Underdeveloped or abnormal development of one or both breasts 
7. Realistic expectations from the cosmetic treatment

Who is the right person to perform a Breast Augmentation?

Apart from choosing a board-certified plastic surgeon for your breast augmentation surgery, it is very important to understand that the surgeon's experience with breast implants and your comfort with him or her are also equally important.